工(gong)控機(ji)簡(jian)稱(cheng)IPC，主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)在(zai)工(gong)業控制(zhi)領域。普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦簡(jian)稱(cheng)PC，普通家用(yong)或(huo)商(shang)用(yong)。雖然(ran)都屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦，有大致相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的基(ji)本(ben)配(pei)置(zhi)，如主板、CPU、內存、各類(lei)I/O接口(kou)等，但(dan)由于應(ying)用(yong)場合的不同(tong)(tong)，技術要(yao)求也不相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。工(gong)控機(ji)是能(neng)夠滿足工(gong)業現場復雜應(ying)用(yong)環境和功能(neng)需要(yao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦，在(zai)結構(gou)等其它方面有特別要(yao)求。

一、外觀

普通電(dian)(dian)腦有較多散熱孔，只有一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源風(feng)扇(shan)向機(ji)(ji)箱外吹(chui)風(feng)用來散熱。工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)是全封(feng)閉設計，機(ji)(ji)箱一般都采用全鋼結構，抗(kang)沖擊、抗(kang)振動。不僅有一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源風(feng)扇(shan)，還(huan)(huan)有一個(ge)用來保持(chi)機(ji)(ji)箱內(nei)正壓強的內(nei)吹(chui)風(feng)扇(shan)。工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)的結構設計不僅可以防塵，還(huan)(huan)可屏蔽電(dian)(dian)磁等對(dui)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)內(nei)部(bu)的干擾(rao)。

二、電源

工(gong)控機使用的(de)電(dian)源，里面采用的(de)電(dian)阻電(dian)容和線圈(quan)等抗沖(chong)擊抗干擾能力(li)要比普通電(dian)腦強，帶載容量也大很多(duo)。特別是嵌入式工(gong)控機，將(jiang)CPU等集成在主板上，內置(zhi)的(de)工(gong)業標準電(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)流調節(jie)器支(zhi)持(chi)直(zhi)流寬壓(ya)輸入，電(dian)源一(yi)般采用9-24V直(zhi)流電(dian)源，功耗低(di)、適配(pei)性好(hao)。

三、配置

普(pu)通電腦一(yi)(yi)般只有(you)一(yi)(yi)個主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)，上(shang)面(mian)有(you)CPU插(cha)槽，內存槽等(deng)標準配置部(bu)件，其它的如獨立顯卡等(deng)則(ze)插(cha)在主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)的擴(kuo)展(zhan)槽上(shang)，現在多(duo)為PCI插(cha)槽，工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)則(ze)不同(tong)。工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個較大的母板(ban)(ban)，也叫無源底(di)板(ban)(ban)，底(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)有(you)較多(duo)的擴(kuo)展(zhan)槽，將(jiang)CPU長卡插(cha)在底(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)插(cha)槽里，其它的擴(kuo)展(zhan)板(ban)(ban)插(cha)在底(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)，而不是(shi)工(gong)業(ye)主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)。BP架構的好處是(shi)可(ke)以更(geng)好屏蔽(bi)掉(diao)外界的干擾(rao)，因為工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)現場環境復(fu)雜，干擾(rao)比較多(duo)，這樣(yang)就可(ke)以使(shi)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)更(geng)可(ke)靠(kao)的工(gong)作(zuo)，同(tong)時大的底(di)板(ban)(ban)也更(geng)容易擴(kuo)展(zhan)別的插(cha)件，連接更(geng)多(duo)的設(she)備，設(she)計(ji)人員在開(kai)發系統時可(ke)以有(you)更(geng)多(duo)的選擇，而不用考慮(lv)是(shi)否有(you)空(kong)間放下(xia)。

四、用范圍

工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)應用(yong)范圍很廣。工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)插槽內插上運動控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)卡就可以控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)步(bu)進或伺服電機(ji)系統(tong)，如點(dian)膠機(ji)、視覺印刷機(ji)、貼(tie)片機(ji)、PCB檢查機(ji)、激光切割機(ji)等(deng)設備(bei)中。通(tong)過工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)的串(chuan)口、RJ-45等(deng)接口和PLC模(mo)塊通(tong)信。此(ci)外，工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)還用(yong)在樓宇智能(neng)、安防控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、智能(neng)交通(tong)、網(wang)絡(luo)、通(tong)訊、醫療設備(bei)、車載設備(bei)、電力、金(jin)融監控(kong)(kong)等(deng)領域。

五、普(pu)通電(dian)腦能否替代工(gong)控機

普通電(dian)腦(nao)對工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境(jing)要求高，不(bu)能適用復雜(za)(za)的(de)工(gong)(gong)業現場復雜(za)(za)。工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)可以長(chang)期(qi)在寬(kuan)溫、潮濕、多灰塵、多干擾的(de)環境(jing)下穩(wen)定可靠的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)機是為了適應復(fu)雜環(huan)境下工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的一(yi)種工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)計(ji)算機，它的電源、機箱、主板都是為了能適應長時間不(bu)間斷運(yun)行而設計(ji)的。為了更好(hao)(hao)地使用工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)機， 讓(rang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)機始終保持良好(hao)(hao)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作性能，在日常使用中必須對工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)機進行必要、合理的維護。